: : DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELEVATORS: : |
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| SELF-SUPPORTING ELEVATOR (WITHOUT MACHINE ROOM) |
| This type of elevators are highly required in locations such as one family houses, "lofts", dance halls, cinemas, and they are suitable for any installation in which, considering the architecture of the building, avoiding a machine room is needed. Considering the difference with the hydraulic elevator which needs a determined and ruling space to place the hydraulic equipment, plus piping, control board, the self-supporting elevator increases the possibility of a correct, economic and easy installation, since the thrust machine as a complete assembly is structurally located inside the shaft, and in the upper area (ceiling), therefore it is not necessary to erect the machine room in the upper or lower area, since the lack of space of the above mentioned building turns its construction a difficult possibility. |
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| ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEVATORS |
They are the most commonly installed in multifamily housing buildings. Unlike the hydraulic ones, they need thrust engines in the engine room, located in the upper or lower side of the installation. These elevators, the technology of which has improved with monobloc type machines (machine body and engine in one block) with the functionality that only one individual can help, for the case of an individual in troubles within the elevator, by moving the brake handle and the machine flywheel (inertia flywheel) at the same time. It should be pointed out that in this or any other system, the elevator power supply should be disabled before operating the above mentioned mechanisms. The maneuver controls have been also changed, since in an elevator with one speed motor, electromechanical control and story selector, leveling is highly critical, as well as the signaling and several components of the latter (drum, steel cable, carbons, inverters, transmissions) that in short maintenance times, multiple adjustments due to cut plates and flexible elements must be repeated, cabin out of leveling and brake adjustment which must be carried out in order to obtain an acceptable leveling.
At present and with the electronic controls, the operating factors have improved in an outstanding way, since the installation of an electronic control completely removes the floor selector and the peripherals, providing a remarkable help in the elevators leveling, specially in those of one speed only, since through electronic exciters placed on the top of the cabin, they have pulse train for call storing, position of the cabin and stop that, if suitably adjusted from its installation, can improve the operation and maintenance factors of the cabin, engine and brake system. |
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| HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS |
Those installed in short runs, between 4 and 5 stops. They are functional and their installation is required in car elevators generally covering 2 to 3 stories or levels route, having good operating results.
It must be taken into account that although these elevators have no thrust machine, since their operation depends on an oil dynamic station, having a oil submerged pump inside the container to control the car down control, or a platform in the case of a car elevator, the machine room should be perfectly sized and suitable for the installation of the station and the maneuver control.
The installation in the shaft requires a piston placed at the shaft center, for the case of a central piston or a side piston running through the piston area, which is the one rising the piston through á pulley from which the thrust cables are fastened from a fixed point of the piston area to a fixed point of the car platform. The electric installation is the same as the one for electromechanical elevators, since final limits, security and command cables fulfill the same functions as in any other elevator.
A complete check of the hydraulic station oil piping should be useful to avoid pressure leaks and faulty operations. |
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